tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30386821899040356202023-11-16T07:50:30.170-08:00Amazigh Virtual MuseumMission: This project is designed to help students, teachers and researchers working on theses on Amazigh culture or language. The project will promote learning Tamazight by offering Tamazight classes, tifinagh writing workshops and more.....asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-77612245430416731282009-08-29T10:15:00.000-07:002009-08-29T10:22:59.812-07:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL03gz5jLjkClNh9xTkvmbk7clv85Hs_9JWg-7GKzN586NIoXmQS1lMaurBp_kmF3aWHwNrqF02DYFOY-UDImK9saaxyFbEYqFBn_TZ96-u82f-iIePLfXpvqhYyLyJcfOJDwNo16irF8/s1600-h/9-22-2005-35.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 264px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL03gz5jLjkClNh9xTkvmbk7clv85Hs_9JWg-7GKzN586NIoXmQS1lMaurBp_kmF3aWHwNrqF02DYFOY-UDImK9saaxyFbEYqFBn_TZ96-u82f-iIePLfXpvqhYyLyJcfOJDwNo16irF8/s400/9-22-2005-35.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5375437282459971186" /></a><br />Talkiwte B.Boussaid @ 2009asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-67944840885870223302008-12-30T16:22:00.000-08:002009-01-20T10:04:38.868-08:00<strong>Afgan d Tagant.</strong><br /><br /><br />Dan Irgazen litnigan<br />Oula tadaggin n tassaft.<br />Qurent talatin d issafen<br />n waman.<br />Aman agan iman n wakal<br />Iqur ujjdig d uzzu .<br />Dan Irgazen litnigan <br />Qaman ghir ait wawal.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Brahim Boussaid <br />Orlando 31-12-08</strong><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBcjPn3JVAw-21ElsnpvcWeNlJIv5Z3f2nndiQ27MBwMQd6ZGZZ3AnFeG-Nt61ezDm-ACcNS4wUbysr0H6gm44pVCPmQ9VgYHI8WhFZSR6dQv756pKVJzq5IfU8KhUAGgoZ8eRbuoAkTw/s1600-h/libyen-schriften.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBcjPn3JVAw-21ElsnpvcWeNlJIv5Z3f2nndiQ27MBwMQd6ZGZZ3AnFeG-Nt61ezDm-ACcNS4wUbysr0H6gm44pVCPmQ9VgYHI8WhFZSR6dQv756pKVJzq5IfU8KhUAGgoZ8eRbuoAkTw/s400/libyen-schriften.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285746708649777154" /></a>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-31225492890730154582008-11-25T10:50:00.000-08:002008-11-25T10:54:14.613-08:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2d_Gdbr8CXeBWLpWYyuMi27J_JgQzGgt_guQe-oH6It_MB6nvRuBwRg5oEMS09UddY5CZw9M9JM7TV8YWJW2g5cnia1p_4h_VGSlepZNP50i56_LGo83h9XKOaccAOWxa2e38H8-IIOg/s1600-h/Picture+030.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 258px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2d_Gdbr8CXeBWLpWYyuMi27J_JgQzGgt_guQe-oH6It_MB6nvRuBwRg5oEMS09UddY5CZw9M9JM7TV8YWJW2g5cnia1p_4h_VGSlepZNP50i56_LGo83h9XKOaccAOWxa2e38H8-IIOg/s400/Picture+030.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272669954360071858" /></a><br />Photo: Azerg (c)B.Boussaid 2008asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-61059725342146276452008-11-25T10:35:00.000-08:002008-11-25T10:41:15.577-08:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidxx__zMh1z_SnC61pIc0qdHwXV2D7TqaIvoOX2_GnsHdMVSQZ67S8UOtcMF8mpKrVA7V7wF9_DXGskSvJ8-1kCb32R90KZ7J9pSu29KLHIygwZUWvhaLjlRBzyTDq6p2u2yzbaIWrC00/s1600-h/rukamat_hajaria_yan.gif"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 286px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidxx__zMh1z_SnC61pIc0qdHwXV2D7TqaIvoOX2_GnsHdMVSQZ67S8UOtcMF8mpKrVA7V7wF9_DXGskSvJ8-1kCb32R90KZ7J9pSu29KLHIygwZUWvhaLjlRBzyTDq6p2u2yzbaIWrC00/s400/rukamat_hajaria_yan.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272666218117279442" /></a><br /><br />A good Article in Arabic about Amazigh Culture.<br />Source: www.tawalt.comasdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-75711777998432692792008-08-20T10:13:00.000-07:002008-08-20T10:23:31.079-07:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE6GQdHxeEGLvAXmc3VctQSWJQblmM3oAv1_jXX4mchAnGStrQewjrJrN1FyBnxmOrDJPgfdIs7wFdugd5UdyDrCbVgpuvpulg7GUFM0QRCjpW2R5Y6PoAm2_-I_uWv2cipFyyk-rUHVQ/s1600-h/1-21-2008+7%3B59%3B43+PM.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE6GQdHxeEGLvAXmc3VctQSWJQblmM3oAv1_jXX4mchAnGStrQewjrJrN1FyBnxmOrDJPgfdIs7wFdugd5UdyDrCbVgpuvpulg7GUFM0QRCjpW2R5Y6PoAm2_-I_uWv2cipFyyk-rUHVQ/s400/1-21-2008+7%3B59%3B43+PM.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5236649990436653298" /></a><br />Takat<br />B.Boussaidasdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-21003333213425987452008-08-20T10:06:00.000-07:002008-08-20T10:13:20.489-07:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_pFWu2zLEhNVf9MML5-nhV77x1LIypYq5NUpDRLJUweevDFj8hEtSg3F_oS2qiRltmN79ZWjYsCHWJCUCv5hA3sXoZO2jNVzz4R3i2nBjSDg-fJFZE1Q-JQFay3cmIca02oLq_pWKD8k/s1600-h/lesson1.bmp"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_pFWu2zLEhNVf9MML5-nhV77x1LIypYq5NUpDRLJUweevDFj8hEtSg3F_oS2qiRltmN79ZWjYsCHWJCUCv5hA3sXoZO2jNVzz4R3i2nBjSDg-fJFZE1Q-JQFay3cmIca02oLq_pWKD8k/s400/lesson1.bmp" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5236648355702723762" /></a><br />Brahim Boussaidasdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-74216608154748714752008-07-03T16:05:00.000-07:002008-07-04T12:45:12.977-07:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHoSvsi5hncNOPR9ulrOoRPos8IxJ_OjaRr79mGxY94UpY8Anal0RACoCNJL_MFvRpoUR1KbgCDjen7l5hA0BD1feDT6-zDGL9V2hV9YrcnvjwUaPSpvHsQxrVCcq9H65B713ry-AC9i4/s1600-h/1-21-2008+8%3B02%3B19+PM.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHoSvsi5hncNOPR9ulrOoRPos8IxJ_OjaRr79mGxY94UpY8Anal0RACoCNJL_MFvRpoUR1KbgCDjen7l5hA0BD1feDT6-zDGL9V2hV9YrcnvjwUaPSpvHsQxrVCcq9H65B713ry-AC9i4/s400/1-21-2008+8%3B02%3B19+PM.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5218929977052793042" /></a> <br /><br />The Roots of Ahouach By Hassan Ouakrim**<br /><br /><br />The Ahouach is the authentic traditional dance of the Berbers; which is unique to the Souss, the southern region of Morocco. A main characteristic of this earthy dance is that it is performed by men and women in separate lines out of doors in conjunction with nature to celebrate special spiritual events witch are called Al Mougar (in Berber ) or Moussem ( Moroccan Arabic ).<br /><br />This art form called Ahouach has its own rules since the beginning of time; as you must know the Berbers race is one of the oldest civilizations in this great planet.<br />Here is a simple definition of the rules:<br /><br />The configurations of this discipline turn first around the knowledge of the music.<br />The Master leader or Raiss with his very special small powerful drum -made from goat leather- called in Berber Allun, than comes, the lead dancer who will direct the whole group.<br />The Raiss has several others musicians which play with him the different beats.<br />Let’s not forget the poet known as Andam .<br /><br />Andam has the privilege and authority to open the Ahouach ceremony.<br />There is lot friction between tribes about the meaning of the words, sometimes about love, life,happiness and death.<br />>The Ahouach is also a major celebration in wedding ceremonies. It is a part of special astrological manifestations, which follows a secret code of conduct. The dates and locations of where dances are planned are spread secretly by word of mouth to keep outsiders from disturbing the secret meaning integral to the Ahouach.<br />According to my deep feeling Ahouach is the ritualistic mystic dance of one of the great spirit ofThe Berbers. The leader- Raiss is very well gifted to bring the complexes beats together which must trigger a kind of trance that can be translated by a combination of the drums rhythms which is categorized trigonometric in the speed and patterns that will bring everybody in one harmony.<br />The power of this collective dance is to create unity in the form of happiness and joy in our present lives. It is the calling of the Berbers to show the world the necessity of removing our negative energy and absorb positive realities and move towards peace and the protection of the Earth<br /><br />**Hassan Ouakrim.<br />Master dance Teacher/Artistic Director of La MaMa Theatre. NYCasdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-31378150024770827202008-04-28T07:38:00.000-07:002008-08-07T16:56:39.827-07:00<div align="justify"><br />“The Memoir of a Berber by: Hassan Ouakrim”<br /><br />A Reflective study of the book<br />By: Hassane Oudadene<br /> <br /><br /> One of the most prominent things in the life of any human being is the mind, not only the stomach. If food is so crucial for the stomach to live on, intellect is a very necessary ingredient for the mind to survive. To fulfill this feeding potential, reading is deemed as part and parcel of any individual’s duty and not only for intellectuals. More important, however, is the sweet feelings the reader is kindled with when criticizing a piece of literature for the simple reason that critical thinking and reflective analysis, so long as they are constructive, generate more often reconstruction, reform and conformity rather than conflict and bias.<br /> In this respect, I feel that it is incumbent on me to put this theory into practice and try to draw a personal reflection on a piece of literature that I have gone over more than once. In fact, I have found my great pleasure to read, discuss and pierce into the fabric of this wonderful work signed by a dearest Berber friend, a a self-taught man man who managed to go up the social ladder through intellect and the course of a bittersweet fate. Through this memoir, Mr. Larsen krim has taken my memory back to assorted eras in Moroccan history. He has been so eloquent speaking out a personal experience which could be described, along the writer’s life stages, as both merry and melancholic. An experience featured with particular snapshots evoking certain characteristics of the Moroccan political, and particularly cultural history. Besides, through Mr. Krim’s paper, one could learn a great deal about the discrepancy between the North of Morocco as a productive and promissory part of the land contrary to the Southern part being a single isolated land deserted by a huge number of citizens for the sake of survival. Mr Lahcen, recognized more by Hassan in his hometown, was one of these citizens as well. Further, the beautifully well formed story of Lahcen has revealed even top secret occurrences about the institution of his family throughout his endeavor. Some reviewers may consider this family, upon reading this work, as being dysfunctional. However, others may view the relationship between the family members as part of a pure nature of kinship in Morocco.<br /> More remarkable is the fact that the autobiography has really been compiled in a smoothly chronological sequence that takes the reader’s imagination away into a fictional world where they could understand that the protagonist managed to move to unknown planet, and he, accordingly, achieved one of the best goals in his life by winning the last ticket to the land of dreams, the promising world, a land viewed as paradise by utopian people. Lahcen Wakrim managed to meet his aims by being, eventually, one of the successful episodes of a famous tale called “The American Dream”. The generous land of The States has, not only, made him attain his goals in the domain of Art, but also changed him into an intellectual man whose character was much influenced by America and whose thirst for art and intellect has been satiated. Mr. Lahcen Wakrim has been in a deep coherence and compatibility with the promising land of America to the extent that his Arabic name Lahcen Wakrim was officially changed into Larsen Krim to sound more American.<br /> Moving to America for Larsen was not only a success but a triumph as well. An achievement which was touched no matter how the impediments had been. In fact, the events of this story reveal that his success was partly thanks to the help of destiny and partly thanks to the deep belief and conviction in the open way paved by his strong will. The 60’s in Morocco witnessed the North to be of a valuable world status, particularly Tangier, the famous Northern city bordered by both the Atlantic on the west and the Mediterranean on the North. This town had been declared as an international zone that provided job accessibility to citizens coming from different parts of the country, a comfortable shelter to famous Western VIPs to settle down, and more specifically, it provided a passage bridge issuing visas to people who viewed the grass greener on the other side of the fence. In fact, Lahcen was one of the beneficiaries and his good fate was the fact that his father had already settled in Tangier at that time. Hence, the protagonist found adequate circumstances to settle down in Tangier and he did not have the impression of being an outsider. Yet, he had to face a new world with more realism and ambition. On the one hand, everything was alright with his father. However, the seeds of conflict started with his brother, who happened also to be settling down there. This sibling, who was supposed to be helpful, caring and kind to Lahcen as a new young comer. Instead, he was treating him like an enemy and therefore the relationship between the two turned out to be an actual disappointment and a fiasco. In the process of events, accordingly, Lahcen’s life hovered between good and bad, sweet and bitter, success and failure.<br /> Thus, this blessing town in the North was the first opening gate towards Lahcen’s achievements, which was part of his fate. Yet, his perseverance, hard work and curiosity made him get in remarkable contact with great figures and artists that preferred to live in Tangier and consider it their hometown. Actually, this contact, as reported in the story, was our first hint showing the destiny of Lahcen’s career in art. Paul and Jane Bowels, Tennessee Williams are some of the best examples of such artists spending a great deal of time in Tangier at that era. Tangier was definitely the first promising land to land in. In other words, I would describe it as some sort of the “Small Apple” before Lahcen carried on his path towards the “Big Apple”. In this respect, this very intimate and smooth fusion between the town as a setting and Lahcen as a character offered this latter a beacon gleam of hope to look ahead to the horizons. Where do we go from here? This is one monologue that we could imagine at this point. Lahcen did not look ahead to see the flashing beacon of Europe, especially Spain, across the Mediterranean. Instead, his ambitions and aspirations were greater. He raised and turned his head to speculate about the dreamland across the Atlantic, he believed more in the Statue of Liberty in front of his eyes, where there is a generous America. To get there, Lahcen was born imbued innately with a power of challenge and achievement. His biography reveals much about his character and personality. Accordingly, he could be described as a ‘fronty’ fellow who always manages to find his way through. His dream might not have been Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Tangible, yet he was SMART enough to realize his aims. This might be proved by the proceedings of the story which were a vestige of truth stating that Lahcen was not only a stoic figure whose both fate and perseverance would lead him to embrace a more secure and assuring future, but also a simple fellow who strived to turn himself into a successful citizen to be recognized by VIPs. The fact of shaking hands with the governor of Gibraltar was probably the first stride towards social fame. Later on, the simple humble Berber fellow would share great and warm moments with those famous Western artists including also, besides Paul Bowels and Tennessee Williams, Brian Jones, bachir Skirj, the famous Moroccan actor, and Gillali Gharbaoui, etc. mulling over this scenario, who could ever imagine that this poor Berber vagabond, who underwent hardship, would, within time, go up the social ladder towards fame and celebrity?<br /><br /><br /> Larsen krim, as an adopted American name now, has allowed himself to be one of the spirits of Jajouka and Folklore art in general.<br /> One of the most remarkable aspects in his life has to do with his attitudes and impressions towards social engagements vis a vis the emotional side. Larsen probably ignored his emotional passions to give vent to his aspirations. We understand through the events of the story that his intellectual aims have always eclipsed the other inevitable part of life which is “emotion”. That is Larsen, no matter how old he was by the end, has never thought of being trapped in wedlock. His filtering personality plus his pre-designed goal made him view an official life partner as not that important. He could have chosen a beautiful wife among his click, but he made up his mind to live his life as a single fellow who sees the institution of marriage as a social trap whereby love and freedom are deprived. On this basis, freedom for Larsen, even now, is above all considerations. He, accordingly, opted for Thomas Hardy’s insights on social engagements, particularly the institution of marriage. The fact that he spends most of his time alone, either in the USA or in Morocco, is the best proof that Larsen has been socially engaged to intellect and art as soul mates.<br /> No wonder that Larsen employed his autobiography to evoke different prominent stages of his life in Morocco just to remember a whole sweet body of memories that are actually the cornerstone of what would occur later in the land of dreams. I wonder why he had given less attention to his life occurrences in the States in his book. Yet, the title reveals much more about the original story of a Berber in his homeland. One of the reasons might also be that much of what is worth telling had occurred in his homeland rather than in the host land.<br />In all cases, this wonderfully intricately woven story remains one of the very well-written stories; and one of the best samples of Berbers’ achievements in the world of art and intellect. </div>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-24808013632667206802008-03-25T09:15:00.000-07:002008-04-12T15:52:17.881-07:00Religion and Social Change: Islamization of the Berbers.<br />The evolution of Religion among The Berbers during antiquity through modern time is relevant to understand North African Culture. How religious values change and/or reshape. Modern rituals that were based on antiquity beliefs. Why Islam as a religion is different in North Africa comparing to Middle East? Magic beliefs among Berbers and other religious values. I will try to find answers to those questions.<br /><br /><u>I. Theorical Perspective:</u><br /><br />Why should sociologists study religion or religious systems? Religion is linked to society as it maintains values and tradition. According to Sonia Roccas (2005) religious people attributed high importance to the values .Religion is one of the socialization institutions that balanced society by enforcing values and good morales.<br />I will borrow from Emile Durkheim the concept of “the sacred” which can be widely applied to different religious practice including honoring the death which is one the old religious practice preserved in North Africa , where old people still celebrate feasts around marabous .In the next section I will tackle some of the old beliefs during antiquity.<br /><br /><br /><u>II. The antiquity and old beliefs:</u><br /><u><br /></u>Oric Bates (1914) divided the emergence of religion in North Africa into three important stages: the animistic phase, second the eschatology and third theology. According to the same author “The most primitive religious beliefs of the eastern Libyans were of the simple animistic sort common to all people in an advanced stage of development.” P172<br />North Africa is full of beliefs related to spiritual forces like hills, springs, wells and storms and winds. As we will see some of those beliefs, still remain under the same principle but in different forms. North Africa had been a crossroad for different cultures and a meeting point of eastern and western cultures since the down of history. According to Mohamed Chafiq, North Africa has been invaded by many nations (Phoenicians, Romans, Byzants, Vandales and Arabs).In addition to European invasion during last century.<br />Imazighen had different beliefs through history , they both respected different gods Like “ Akouch” and “Amon”.Some animals have a divine status “ ram , cow and the goat” Engraved icons of those animal are anthropological evidence found through the Great Sahara. . Berber used to honor Ammon as their god and his temple was located in the oasis Siwa (Western part of Egypt). The word “amun” [Read as Amon] is related to Berber word of “Aman” [Read as Aman] which was used to mean the lord and servant at the same time among Berbers of Canary Island. The same word used in all Amazigh varieties to mean “water” .This association is related to the old belief of giving divine values to sun and<br /><br />water which lead to fertility of the land. Among the Berber community today in Morocco, a ritual is celebrated called “Talaghanja” where women go to the source of the water or the river dam called “Ugåug”[Read as Uggug] to request water during dry years. The rainbow is called among Berbers in North Africa “The bride of Heavens”. Which make the rain heavenly which another belief still has some traces within the culture today.<br />III. Christianity and Judaism in North Africa.<br />According to Mohamed Chafiq, The appearance of Christianity, the Romans were pagans but The Berbers were isolated in their religious values. The Roman government of that time gives orders to their law enforcement to kill anybody who becomes Christian. In 313 B.C, the emperor Constantinus I accepted Christianity .He made Christianity the religion of the state. The Berbers did not agree with the main church and created a new religious movement under the leadership of Donatus. This movement outreach Christianity in the rural areas. What we learn here is that human being do not like change .This is the reason why The Berbers refused religion dictated by others.<br /><br /><u>IV .The Arab Conquest and Islamization:</u><br /><u><br /></u>Islam was born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) and spread through Persia and North Africa and from Africa through sub-Saharan Africa through Andalucía (Current Spain).This task was not easy since the Berbers were organized in military and cultural résistance. One of the famous resistances was lead by a princess called “Tihiya”.This military resistance delayed invasion of North Africa. As it is mentioned some of the old beliefs were reshaped to go in harmony with Islam, for instance Imazighen beliefs in supernatural forces and spirits related to the lakes and water, Islam brought “Jins” as another creation beside human beings. I still remember as a small kid, people used to scare children about existence of “The goat of the Mosque” or “the goat of the well” which is bad spirit. I think the old belief was “the goat of the well” then later with islamization of<br />Berbers in North Africa, the same goat becomes the goat of the mosque related to the mosque.<br />To sum up, understanding old beliefs and the history of religion in North Africa is a key element to understand current political, social structure of the Berbers through history. The study of religions in general, is an urgency to spread understanding of various beliefs that will teach values of peace, tolerance and acceptance to the new generations. Which will lead interfaith dialogues.<br /><br /><br /><br /><u>References:</u><br /><u></u><br />Bates, O. (1914). Eastern Libyans: An Essay. McMillan and Co.Ltd. London.<br />Durkheim, E. (1924). Sociologie et Philosophie [Book written in<br />French].Librairie Felix Alcan. Paris.<br />Roccas, S. (2005). Religion and Value Systems. Journal of Social Issues, Vol 61, No 4, pp747-759.<br />Shafiq, M. (1990). Thirty –three centuries of Imazighen History [book written in Arabic] .Tawalt Cultural Foundation.<br />Tawalt Cultural Foundation: www.tawalt.com<br />Agraw Amazigh Newspaper.asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-44990153721065302822008-02-15T17:12:00.000-08:002008-02-15T17:25:47.822-08:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFoaRIUT3cqqa-ZCFanXOCpJ9cv6z0bat1Titx8jko4hKIls1IFZG21LtZXxjEFTd0DaBNjP5aOBCifuLEtPlIlWefT35sLcVSUOizvRa_6jljNtW2hsWNYXIOcTtg9qompFvQBkRhQZo/s1600-h/linguisticdata.bmp"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5167382389058468482" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFoaRIUT3cqqa-ZCFanXOCpJ9cv6z0bat1Titx8jko4hKIls1IFZG21LtZXxjEFTd0DaBNjP5aOBCifuLEtPlIlWefT35sLcVSUOizvRa_6jljNtW2hsWNYXIOcTtg9qompFvQBkRhQZo/s400/linguisticdata.bmp" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><div align="justify"><br />Matriarchal Tribe.<br />Brahim Boussaid<br /><br />The Amazigh tribe arranged by blood relationship which is referred as [ Ikhsan] meaning bones, The tribe is ruled by a tribal council called [ Imzoura] meaning the first people in the tribe ( mostly men). After this council, the tribal leader or Amghar plays a pivotal role within the village. This patriarchal inequality is recent within the Amazigh Tribe.<br />Based on linguistics data and historical facts, Amazigh people were matriarchal society. Modern Berbers use the following words:<br /> The following data shows that the blood relationship within Amazigh Tribe during old time was matriarchal system since the Berbers link their brothers and sisters to their mothers. Another strong element is the use of “tamghart” to mean a woman while this word semantically share stem with other words like: Amaghar = Tribal Leader, Timughra = leadership or state of having high status. The root will be [MغR] meaning having high rank.<br /></div>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-41788812279622866022008-01-29T09:21:00.000-08:002008-01-29T09:31:54.698-08:00A Passage to Berber Food Etiquettes.<div align="justify">A Passage to Berber Food Etiquettes.</div><div align="justify"> B. Boussaid</div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify">Eating etiquettes differ from one culture to another. Eating norms are culturally defined among people of a given culture. Through a process of socialization children learn what kind of food is acceptable to eat and what is not. In his book Old Morocco and The forbidden Atlas, C.E. Andrews narrates his cultural shock during his life among the Berbers (1) in Morocco:</div><div align="justify"><br />“ ….. He keeps a frightened eye on me as he brings the basin and kettle to Monsieur Lapandery (….) serves us little glasses of smoking coffee , and hot Couscous made of boiled cucumbers , egg-plant , peppers , carrots and marrow, walled in with steamed white millet.” P.164<br /></div><div align="justify">The author is experiencing an unfamiliar cultural environment which made him disoriented. The servant brings the basin and kettle to the author and his friend to wash their hands before they eat. This washing ceremony is a life style ritual among the Berbers. Before and after any meal, The servant or a family member will bring the basin and the kettle to wash hands. This practice is one of many cultural traditions among the Berbers. It is surprising for outsiders to see people eating with their hands, no spoons or forks on the table!<br />Some of the food rituals among Berbers are that you need to name God before you eat and you have to praise him for giving the bounty of food and drink. Berbers use their right hand to eat. If you use both hands, It is a sign of bad manners. Most of the time, it is not acceptable for children to eat outside unless it was while working in the fields (agriculture). People in Berber communities share food on one plate and sometimes share the same glass of water . While eating you are expected to eat what is in front of you.<br />Another element which is need a deep consideration is the serving of mint flavored tea. A symbol of hospitality, you can not refuse an invitation to tea. There are several rituals related to tea drinking. What makes good tea or bad tea? According to Berber culture tea is supposed to be prepared by a old wise person. The table master is a well-known person having experience of making good tea. Tea is served is small tea glasses and it should have a white foamy 'head' or 'turban' at the top of the glass. Otherwise it is a sign of bad tea.<br />Berbers celebrate the New Year in mid January, They have a special meal for that night which was this year the 14th of January. They take twelve dates or nuts they named by the month of year and then make a wish. They serve a special meal with a date hidden inside. The person, who finds that hidden date, will get the key to the main storage where they keep all the crops and stored foods .Berbers think that that lucky person will manage food wisely. A detailed account of this is reported by H. Stroomer in his book: Textes Berbères des Guendiwa et Goundafa.<br />To sum up, there are several elements related to eating and drinking habits in Berber communities that are full of symbolic significance.</div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"><br />1-('Berber') is used in this paper to refer to the first inhabitants of North Africa , and those people call themselves “ Imazighen” which mean literary the free people. They speak a language called “Tamazight”. </div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"><u>Bibliography:</u></div><div align="justify"><u><br /></u>Stroomer, H. (2001). Textes Berbères des Guendiwa et Goundafa. EDISUD.<br />Andrews, C.E. (1922). Old Morocco and The forbidden Atlas. George H Doran Company.<br /><br /></div>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-37907109174089877172008-01-05T16:38:00.000-08:002008-01-05T16:45:40.423-08:00<span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span><div></div><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;"><strong>When Carpets Tell Stories.</strong></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;"></span></div><br /><div align="justify"><span style="color:#009900;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAhANG4Y-Nb3pJ0JsZxiwqIOw-vcyz-6jRANwTi0KjCao1lJxi5bJpvEhkQ5vtvSfhQzAXNmGoYKQT-f46LQlRsD4xNaUGm0b2-p4edp9h54a80sLtz0Vp5oWXT8BM4vgj5HDnpKyuZmQ/s1600-h/taz.jpg"><span style="color:#009900;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5152157792025337010" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAhANG4Y-Nb3pJ0JsZxiwqIOw-vcyz-6jRANwTi0KjCao1lJxi5bJpvEhkQ5vtvSfhQzAXNmGoYKQT-f46LQlRsD4xNaUGm0b2-p4edp9h54a80sLtz0Vp5oWXT8BM4vgj5HDnpKyuZmQ/s200/taz.jpg" border="0" /></span></a><span style="color:#009900;">Years ago women had more time to create colorful rugs and carpets, mixing different plants from the Atlas Mountains to find a special color. They tried to create a piece of art better than their neighbor. Rugs and carpets had many functions within the family. The rugs were not only used as cover, but as an element of prestige between the tribes, a means of communication to express suffer and harshness of the countryside. While reading the carpets made throughout Morocco, you can live the saga of the old generations, their life style, values, and morals. The geometric forms, and the choice of color reflect the mood of the woman-artist who put this combination together. These enigmatic, geometric forms will be found in the old jewelries and old Kasbahs, which remains the clues of unsolved civilization. The famous carpet of Ait wawzgite (1) remains one of the best variant of the Amazigh rugs, though people in power dominated most the old and unique collection. A lovely book by Margaret Courtney Clarke, entitled " Imazighen: The Vanishing Traditions of Berber Women", depicts Amazigh rugs and their features.<br />Nowadays few families live on carpets as before. The old quality of the rug does not exist anymore with some exceptions to modernized styles with artificial raw materials. The producers have to adapt the new features of the market apposed by an economy based on tourism. Year ago, there was a show of carpets in the famous Jamaa Lafna Place (2) in Marrakesh to promote this heritage, but it does not reflect carpets as heritage items created by Imazighen (3) but as souvenir products to sell for tourists. Meanwhile the Amazigh families are not taking any direct benefits for their hard job, lasting weeks and sometimes months. The Amazigh Heritage Museum in Agadir is the only heritage institution bearing the name of Amazigh, while all other museums do not have any clue to the mother civilization. Creating such an institution will give access to the public to know more about our history, which will enlighten the future.Glossary: 1: Amazigh tribe by the same name in the region of Ouarzazate. 2: A place of artistic performance in Marrakesh. 3: The first inhabitants of North Africa. Brahim Boussaid Amazigh Culture Interpreter Years ago women had more time to create colorful rugs and carpets, mixing different plants from the Atlas Mountains to find a special color. They tried to create a piece of art better than their neighbor. Rugs and carpets had many functions within the family. The rugs were not only used as cover, but as an element of prestige between the tribes, a means of communication to express suffer and harshness of the countryside. While reading the carpets made throughout Morocco, you can live the saga of the old generations, their life style, values, and morals. The geometric forms, and the choice of color reflect the mood of the woman-artist who put this combination together. These enigmatic, geometric forms will be found in the old jewelries and old Kasbahs, which remains the clues of unsolved civilization. The famous carpet of Ait wawzgite (1) remains one of the best variant of the Amazigh rugs, though people in power dominated most the old and unique collection. A lovely book by Margaret Courtney Clarke, entitled " Imazighen: The Vanishing Traditions of Berber Women", depicts Amazigh rugs and their features.<br />Nowadays few families live on carpets as before. The old quality of the rug does not exist anymore with some exceptions to modernized styles with artificial raw materials. The producers have to adapt the new features of the market apposed by an economy based on tourism. Year ago, there was a show of carpets in the famous Jamaa Lafna Place (2) in Marrakesh to promote this heritage, but it does not reflect carpets as heritage items created by Imazighen (3) but as souvenir products to sell for tourists. Meanwhile the Amazigh families are not taking any direct benefits for their hard job, lasting weeks and sometimes months. The Amazigh Heritage Museum in Agadir is the only heritage institution bearing the name of Amazigh, while all other museums do not have any clue to the mother civilization. Creating such an institution will give access to the public to know more about our history, which will enlighten the future.</span></div><br /><div align="justify"><span style="color:#009900;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;">Glossary: </span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;">1: Amazigh tribe by the same name in the region of Ouarzazate. </span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;">2: A place of artistic performance in Marrakesh. </span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;">3: The first inhabitants of North Africa. </span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;">Brahim Boussaid Amazigh Culture Interpreter</span> </div>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-77823493176052108052007-12-28T16:39:00.000-08:002007-12-28T16:41:35.086-08:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFvfNNeWw5DH65M0u2YpZF6DkRmtINWd4BuOttBcPkiW6q6DjUYANF2EojOkwx5Kkh9y6dU7pJqIN5bFBVBuy5EBybtYM86MXnEOKJOUqt7H6fw5VwhNUtAQ89-9F-gq0_eQ_StEaf6fo/s1600-h/ahwach.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5149188505039952914" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFvfNNeWw5DH65M0u2YpZF6DkRmtINWd4BuOttBcPkiW6q6DjUYANF2EojOkwx5Kkh9y6dU7pJqIN5bFBVBuy5EBybtYM86MXnEOKJOUqt7H6fw5VwhNUtAQ89-9F-gq0_eQ_StEaf6fo/s320/ahwach.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div>Ahwache : Rhythms of Eternity and The Echo of The Atlas Mountain byBrahim Boussaid</div><br /><div>Amazigh Culture Interpreter</div><br /><div></div><br /><div>While having a friendly talk with my grandfather on a summer night, we were enjoying the tones of drums played by an “Ahwache” troop nearby. We had a chance to chat. I asked him about some concerns regarding this music and its roots. My grandfather stated, “Ahwache was born in Souss (Plains), grew up in Tlaoute, flourished in Ouarzazate, and at last died in Dades”. I was trying to analyze his statement to seek the truth, partly in his judgment. I see that the art of Ahwache should be born in the plains of Souss: the countryside’s of Agadir, Tiznit and Tata. Those stated areas still have a life practice of the<br />Ahwache. The Amazigh music remains one vital aspect of our culture. In 2001 I visited Tafraoute with a group of friends where we attended an Ahwache party in a small village. Ahwache is everywhere in Morocco, entitled by different names or played in different forms. In the small village where I lived, its shape was different from what I experienced in Tafraoute. Although “folklores” were composed in the same language, but in Ouarzazate Ahwache was played in a semi-circle. The women were dancing at the same time, males playing drums, and other instruments in the middle of the semi-circle. This semi-circle can be shifted to a full circle in big celebrations. The lyrics of the songs are dealing with human values like love and respect. Sometimes telling stories of the past and narrating the harshness of life</div>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-56447361719457663262007-12-28T16:05:00.000-08:002007-12-28T16:37:01.360-08:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgioNe2Jo8w_0wX4kQ1uTQDPQULDI0kClhRWM_DXNk_fawO7ypnnIrpaiA2Eoh3NFYP73Tk_iaverqCDGP0B3jAESh2TibXqB2hc7b608QMjQMLXypMV6bYhXn6EydLmxjOdU7amyanrBA/s1600-h/Picture+017.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5149180735444114434" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgioNe2Jo8w_0wX4kQ1uTQDPQULDI0kClhRWM_DXNk_fawO7ypnnIrpaiA2Eoh3NFYP73Tk_iaverqCDGP0B3jAESh2TibXqB2hc7b608QMjQMLXypMV6bYhXn6EydLmxjOdU7amyanrBA/s320/Picture+017.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />One of the remaining Amazigh Kasbah .<br />Kasbah of Telmasla.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Morocco: old village in the Atlas mountains<br /><div align="justify"><br /> <a title="contact the author" href="mailto:boussaidbrahim@hotmail.com">Brahim Boussaid</a> is a cultural interpreter from Morocco that devoted this article to describing the social and urban structure of old Amazigh villages in Morocco and the way they are representative of this very ancient cultureMorocco is a country with multi-ethnic groups, through Moroccan history, the land of the moors, hosted many people coming from both the East and the West .All those old civilizations should have an impact on the social structure of the Moroccan Villages. I will try to focus on the features of the Moroccan village by studying the features of my own village. How the village is structured in terms of people, space and powerThe countryside of Morocco is organized through tribes, Takbilte (1) is the main unit in Moroccan village, the tribe generally leaded by a elected council called Imzura or Inghramen (2) but not in the sense of modern elections, most tribes are presented by their fractions in the council which stands as the executive committee that managed the daily matters in the village. In addition to the tribe, Amghar (3) plays a pivotal role in dealing with inter-family problems; his name was derived from authority and power from his people. While this authority is referred as Tamghart (4). All the people of the tribe respect the power of the elected council and tribal leader. Their main functions are keeping peace in the village and establishing rules related to the village, and agricultural activities.The village is generally built upon a hill or at the top of mountains for specific reasons: as a defensive area from the enemies or by force of the natural forces mainly rain and snow, in the rocky places people prefer to build at the top of mountain to give more space to the green fields.The village surrounded by wall to protect the village that is the reason; some old cities in Morocco kept the same structure like Marrakesh or Taroudante (5). The village has two main gates with labyrinth streets of walls. While going through the village, you will find different places like a show place or the tribe showed the dancer or singer shows. To sum up the space in the village is well organized.One more element in the village is the conception of "the guest house" , named "Tigmi n Taqbilte"; literary the house of the tribe , served as a shelter for traders, travelers, beggars and all people coming from different places, they spend their overnight while one member of the village , as a volunteer invite those men for dinner or lunch.The Amazigh village remains a "life" show that reflects the culture and the old history of the people.</div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify">Terminology</div><div align="justify">1. Tribe </div><div align="justify">2. Elected council3. </div><div align="justify">Tribal leader </div><div align="justify">4. Authority</div><div align="justify">5. Two Cities in Morocco<br />Source: Brahim Bousaid, Cultural Interpreter, Morocco<br /></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbyupykPw6paY6spMro_2xsQow8BzWFCMs0LQP49oZPbsyMJu2gixK1P3YCdpGxaBhvFUeAVtaTlQQVdGFSOmPCsHds_PLcc-8uUI4PExQPbP-uRPx8Xuu9ICttX7IQOegUg9o6mj2c0I/s1600-h/Picture+020.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5149180426206469106" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbyupykPw6paY6spMro_2xsQow8BzWFCMs0LQP49oZPbsyMJu2gixK1P3YCdpGxaBhvFUeAVtaTlQQVdGFSOmPCsHds_PLcc-8uUI4PExQPbP-uRPx8Xuu9ICttX7IQOegUg9o6mj2c0I/s320/Picture+020.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbyupykPw6paY6spMro_2xsQow8BzWFCMs0LQP49oZPbsyMJu2gixK1P3YCdpGxaBhvFUeAVtaTlQQVdGFSOmPCsHds_PLcc-8uUI4PExQPbP-uRPx8Xuu9ICttX7IQOegUg9o6mj2c0I/s1600-h/Picture+020.jpg"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />This picture is taken in Tiznit on the road to Aglou Beach.<br /><br /><br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbyupykPw6paY6spMro_2xsQow8BzWFCMs0LQP49oZPbsyMJu2gixK1P3YCdpGxaBhvFUeAVtaTlQQVdGFSOmPCsHds_PLcc-8uUI4PExQPbP-uRPx8Xuu9ICttX7IQOegUg9o6mj2c0I/s1600-h/Picture+020.jpg"></a>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-22813771747695175412007-12-28T15:42:00.000-08:002008-01-01T16:12:15.113-08:00Sidi Hammou : An Amazigh Poet.<div><span style="color:#000099;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#000099;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#000099;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#000099;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#ff0000;">May Lord bless Sidi Hammou; the singer, the spiritual leader, the poet, the poor man said:<br />Ladies, wind, slaves, lion and the river<br />The one who seeks goodness on them, he is seeking the evil!<br />More deaths than injuries, all are poisoned!<br />Take care of the bad guys to reduce the evil. </span></div><br /><p><span style="color:#ff0000;"></span></p><br /><div><br /><br /><span style="color:#ff0000;">* * * * * * * *<br />May Lord bless Sidi Hammou, the poet, he said:<br />The gunpowder is bitter than all.<br />The cries of the loved-one are bitterer!<br />The Laurier –rose is bitter, though nobody ever ate and found it sweet?<br />I did for the sake of my love-one; that Laurier –rose was not bitter.<br /><br />* * * * * * * *<br /><br />Oh! Rocky canal! Nobody wish<br />That you will bring water to the arid highlands<br /><br /><br />* * * * * * * * </span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#ff0000;"></span></div><br /><div><br /><span style="color:#ff0000;">Oh! Saints of Tetouan. Oh! Saints of Azemmour.<br />Oh! Saints of Souss .Oh! Saints of Demnat<br />My Lord! Never keep my canal out of water.<br />Keep my mill run without the water of others.<br /><br />* * * * * * * *<br />Sidi Hammou said:<br />Speech is vague like seas that sights will never reach<br />Thanks Lord that make death an angel<br />If death was a human being, corruption will occur.<br />Death is a bitter pain; it never gives back what it takes.<br />The poor with no currency, even if he is whiter than the moon<br />He is nothing even if he is alive, he is dead.<br />Oh Golden coins! You make the pride of the person.<br />I found out that the veins of heart are located in the hand. </span></div><br /><div><br /><br /><span style="color:#ff0000;">* * * * * * * *<br /><br />Wealth is an eloquent diplomat; it erases “No” in the dialogue.<br />Whoever sees wealth will lean towards you.<br />Famine is the worst pain<br />The Mill ceased and kids cries.<br /><br /><br />* * * * * * * * </span></div><br /><p><span style="color:#ff0000;"></span></p><br /><p><span style="color:#ff0000;"></span></p><br /><div><br /><span style="color:#ff0000;">NB:</span></div><br /><div><span style="color:#000099;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">This poem is translated from Tamazight into English. The full text of Sidi Hammou Poem is collected by Capitaine Justinard in his book : Manuel de Berbere Marocain ( Dialecte Chleuh)1914.This translation is not perfect , a modeste contribution to promote Amazigh language and culture. The uniqueness of Amazigh litterature puts the religious elements with daily matters .</span><br /><br /><br /><br />.<br /><br /><br /><br /></div></span><p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiWd6uhZy4y10vkoRI4vsOuLMfHG3qKV4uRX19q05VIPwhJ8HmWKuqCDpgOUZSNmGIVG13c0S4PsMyLmjhBAbypoT6Mm44R1oN3eFymQ8KqB9I-xSUVT4ZLqLQ9VO1yanLxRtEYmNrSy8/s1600-h/Picture+037.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5150664247212924034" style="WIDTH: 182px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 212px" height="270" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiWd6uhZy4y10vkoRI4vsOuLMfHG3qKV4uRX19q05VIPwhJ8HmWKuqCDpgOUZSNmGIVG13c0S4PsMyLmjhBAbypoT6Mm44R1oN3eFymQ8KqB9I-xSUVT4ZLqLQ9VO1yanLxRtEYmNrSy8/s320/Picture+037.jpg" width="212" border="0" /></a></p><div> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-36147335632972764282007-12-28T15:11:00.000-08:002008-01-01T14:43:27.788-08:00<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwwAWSVEdOMjEFujwEgqqkDgifu2U2i7TondyjC4t7q0qSl35WLr2Dcg4q6jEWyFDdzFPy_K0eOY726YUGWng' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe> Tamazirt 2007asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3038682189904035620.post-8867233202815113472007-12-28T13:45:00.000-08:002007-12-31T20:01:45.838-08:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQkFhIIjVuTjn0TFbDWIVDO70Qmw9wOi68xCFIiEkwlxbTg4wHmtJCfgIehix5B5H7zRb4pF2E7KcdrWs4ktidbvO-54jK_S9_7QIvJuThMKXwv30-dqlrr47awqOEajdmhCAJa8iDA5Q/s1600-h/Picture+006.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5149143850264976322" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQkFhIIjVuTjn0TFbDWIVDO70Qmw9wOi68xCFIiEkwlxbTg4wHmtJCfgIehix5B5H7zRb4pF2E7KcdrWs4ktidbvO-54jK_S9_7QIvJuThMKXwv30-dqlrr47awqOEajdmhCAJa8iDA5Q/s320/Picture+006.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div>" Tagdurt" is a container served to keep home-made butter.In old times this tagdurt is used for various uses.It is decorated with Amazigh geometric signs using natural herbs.</div>asdowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07862719642088807127noreply@blogger.com1